British & Pakistan education system

I was overwhelmed when I entered the literature department at the University of Birmingham in the UK and attended class on the first day. I feel like I'm stuck in the wrong place. We came from Pakistan (although I had done MA International Journal from the same university before), and we could do nothing but memorize. The first week, however, passed, deciding what to do next. Four books were handed out the following week, including books on the culture of TS Elliott, Matthew Arnold, Raymond Williams and Terry Eagleton, and it was stated that they would be discussed next week. 

Well, I didn't know what to talk about in class next week, so I ran out of time to listen to others. Then there was a list of books to be read in the coming weeks, including Karl Marx's 18th Bromeier, Lucas's History and Class Consciousness, essays on Gramsci's culture, Tariq Ali's book on culture, Rolland Barth's mythology. Including many other books. 

Three months passed and the first part was completed. The students were then asked what to study in the next three months. There are three lists to choose from. I chose Philosophy of Aesthetics, and the books on the list included Plato's Republic, David Hume's Essays on Aesthetics, Bamgarten's Aesthetic Theory, Schiller's Letters, and Emmanuel Kant's Third Criticism. Many other books were included, including A Critique of Aesthetics. Well, I had to write three articles in three months. Have to write, semester is over. He rested for a while and then the head of the school called a meeting, in which he asked what would you choose for your final dissertation? Anyway, the training was done. I chose Trotsky's "Literature and Revolution" and wrote an essay on it. He later decided to write a dissertation on Kant's philosophy of aesthetics. As I write my dissertation on Trotsky's book, I repeatedly include philosophy. Supervisor's philosophy was not specialized. They did not stop me from saying that you were doing wrong, but held a meeting with the head of the school and gave me another philosopher and supervisor who had written several books on Wittgenstein. From there I set out to reconcile literature and philosophy and completed two dissertations, one on Trotsky and the other on Kant.

The supervisor never told me what to do. He would only meet me every other week and ask what he had done, and check the quality. There was a lot of trouble, they had left Pakistan, they had to do everything by themselves. However, the work was completed. I was given three titles to choose from. The reason was that I had reconciled literature and philosophy. Anyway, at least I didn't go down without explaining myself first.

The purpose of all this explanation was simply to show that in the British education system, the inside of a person is brought out, his abilities are enhanced. Curiosity is created in it, it is made active, not unknown. Nothing is pushed into it. We are given material in the form of books to think about, but the final decision rests with the student. In the UK, the process begins with schools. Later, during my experience in schools, I saw how a GCSC child criticizes Shakespeare. 

How he criticizes religion and how he sees freely what happened in the two great wars of the twentieth century, not that this child is part of any propaganda. Twelve-year-olds were asked during the Iraq war what they thought was right and wrong. Most of the children called it wrong and criticized the policies of their country and the training is such that the child does not get involved in propaganda. Fourteen-year-olds openly criticize British policies while studying history. Criticism of the church is a general attitude that is not taught to children, but is formed by children in their own minds, taking into account a wider historical context. 

There is no such thing as "British Studies" like "Pakistan Studies", which should be stuck in the minds. That is the true meaning of burning up of bad psychic imprints on one's mind and body. The education system here teaches man to be active, responsible, a believer in equality, respect for freedom of expression, and the tolerance required for a pluralistic society. There is a great creator hidden inside every child, this is the work of education and this is how to bring it out.

About philosophy, literary and critical theories

 The conditions of the country and the head and shoulders of the bald

Chhota Ganja arrived in the UK on a two-day tour with his team on the 11th. PML-N's Channel J is saying that the visit has been extended, as consultations are underway with "Badshah Salamat" (big bald) about the country's economic situation. Keep in mind that there is no economist bigger than Badshah Salamat in Pakistan at the moment.

Two things are skyrocketing in the country at the moment: one is inflation and the other is humiliation of liberals. Because the Liberals are now completely silent, a few who are alive but dead on the inside, are busy abusing Imran Khan, who has now turned from a politician to a religious reformer. While both the bald ones are eating sari pai and khadi here.

However, the extension of the visit to Chhota Ganja, which is said to be aimed at consulting King Salamat (the elder Ganja) on the economy, proves that the Prime Minister is about 20,000 feet above Chhota Ganja's Ganja. That is why he did not find any slave in the whole of Pakistan.

The work that Molotte had been doing for centuries, and which we had been teaching in schools since childhood, he has now begun. Now who can explain to this person that truth is important only because of truth and not because of any deity. I wish this man had read Plato's dialogue in which the great Plato had concluded with reference to goodness that goodness is valued only because of goodness. The limit has been reached.

Many friends keep asking questions about philosophy, literary and critical theories. Obviously, it is not possible to answer everyone. Over the past few weeks, many questions have arisen about postmodern "theoretical" structures, metaphysics. Most friends are not aware of the basics. When they are asked that there are some professors in Pakistan, contact them, they reply that "they themselves have no knowledge." However, in the next few days I will try to review the "central" issues of structures and post-structures. I will give a one hour live lecture for this, and then your live questions will be taken. The lecture will be given in the light of the questions inboxed by your friends.

Philosophical and Religious God

A religious thinker has stated that the reason for denying God in philosophy is ontological argument. While we say that the position of religions is also ontological. For example, the greatest theologian brings only the "argument" as to where the universe came from and then without argument claims that it was created by God. The question then goes, Who created God? And how is it possible that God created the universe? It is the responsibility of the one who claims to have created the universe to make this point clear and to prove it. However, we see that God has been missing for many centuries for unknown reasons. We've documented his disappearance many times, but it's possible he did. I don't know why he is so ashamed. Since he cannot come forward, lies are being spread in his name.

Although the basis of ontological argument is philosophical, the great Aristotle, in his book Science of Ontology, discussed in detail in his book Metaphysics Four, discovered a first principle which is not the creator of the universe. Was, in fact, the cause of motion in the universe. Religious people do not know that if there is no ontology, meaning no existence, or no universe, matter, etc., then there is no such thing, and if there is no such thing, then there is no God, and there is no belief in God. So where will the debate come from? However, it is true that religious gods have lost their case due to their ontological position. If God's own books do not offer any proof of his existence, should philosophers give the answer? This is ridiculous.

Now the problem is that whenever religious people bring arguments in favor of God, instead of bringing their own religious books, which they say were sent by the same God, they use the arguments of these few philosophers. There are those who see the Creator in the universe, but do not acknowledge the folly of these religions in the name of God and in His books. The principle is that God proves Himself through His own books. But that is not the case. The authors of these religious books, as far as they know, claim to be nothing more than stupidity.

Religious people do not even know that the philosophical God is only to the extent of the universe, and he does not interfere in the affairs of the people. As Aristotle said, God does not know the details, if He has, He only knows the Universals. Unlike the philosophical god, the religious god who considers it necessary to get involved in every issue, cannot even explain himself. Philosophical God, if there is one, is great in that He has made man active, endowed him with intellect, the simultaneous presence of intellect and revelation gives rise to irreconcilable contradictions, and the whole history of religions confirms this. That is, whenever the intellect is active with all its might, the manipulations of revelation begin to take place, and then its defenders start fighting the rationalists. If God is rational, then He needed to create rationalists. Otherwise, only murderers have been created who are always engaged in subjugating the intellect to revelation, instead of elevating it to the level of revelation. Bring it to the level of. They take pleasure in bringing down the intellect.

The god of religion is something else. The god of Judaism, for example, was a racial and tribal god. If you have read the Bible you must have read that he used to talk to Abraham through Isaac, Jacob and later other "prophets". For example, in the Jewish tradition, the "Ten Commandments" were spoken and written by God Himself to Moses. The God of the Jews was racist, and unjustifiably hated other races. Ordered to kill them, even to kill their cattle. There was no reason other than that he wanted to be given such and such land, such and such land.

The God of Christianity was not universal either. Christ said in the Gospel that He only came in search of the lost sheep of the Jews. So the God of Christianity was also racist. His characteristic, however, was that he took on a human form and was finally crucified, freeing and activating the human intellect. And this idea formed the basis of modern Western philosophy that after Christ human will is free and later Kant provided rational basis for morality and discovered that there is no morality without free will.

The God of the Arabs was also a god of the Arabs before Muhammad. Then he used it. He made God not universal but very bigoted and biased. He was so biased that he fought wars with the infidels alongside the Muslims and stoned the infidels.

Now, knowing all this religious nonsense, a reasonable person must become an atheist, provided that faith has not taken away from him all his ability to think. Philosophers sought to reconcile Christian philosophy with the concept of "essential existence." Therefore, the concept of obligatory existence is not religious in itself, but has been established by rationalist philosophers, which is used by theologians. The concept of the essential existence of God was discovered in the tenth century by the Christian theologian St. Anselm. 

The modern founders of this concept were the German philosophers Leibniz and Wolf. But Kant dispelled his metaphysical rhetoric, making it clear that God is merely an idea of ​​reason, which cannot be verified by sensory experience. Therefore, the concept of essential existence was logically shattered. These issues have not reached these people, because they are ignorant of the history of philosophy, they come up with the same old "arguments" which have been thrown in the dustbin of history.

Pakistan's temperature has risen to dangerous levels. remember!

If we do not tolerate this heat today, then ten years later our children will die in our own hands from global warming.  The only solution is to plant trees.  Mango, Jaman, Litchi and Falsa seasons are at their peak.  In this regard, we request you not to throw the seeds and pods of these fruits in the trash after eating the fruits, but to wash them and put them in your car etc. and whenever you pass by such a place.  Where there are no trees, etc., throw the seeds and pods there, or in places along the highways.  After a few days the rainy season will show its color and most of the seeds you have sown will germinate and by the grace of Allah will become trees.  Trees are not only a charity but also the biggest need of Pakistan and the world at this time, this small action of ours will be the first drop to make Pakistan a green Pakistan.  And it is an investment that will benefit our future generations.

Successful experiment of sending electricity one kilometer away in the air without wires

We know that conductors are required for the transmission of electricity and almost all metals are conductors but most of the wires made of silver or copper are used for the transmission of electricity. Scientists have been trying for some time to get rid of this entanglement of stars. One of the earliest successes in this regard is the successful experiment of the US Navy Research Institute, which for the first time has been able to transmit electricity from one place to another without the use of wires.

 Experts have described it as an "extraordinary development" in which the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has sent about one and a half kilowatts of electricity one kilometer away without a wire. The experiment was conducted in a military research field in Maryland. The principle of this experiment is very simple and interesting. It converts large amounts of electricity into the first microwave radiation. These microwave rays travel through the air to the receiver where it is converted into direct current or DC electricity.

 In this experiment, some amount of energy was wasted and 60% of the electricity reached from one place to another, but this rate is higher than the expectations of the experts. The experiment also showed that birds, humans and trees were not harmed.

 The success of this experiment has shown that the day is not far when electricity can be transmitted from one place to another without any wires. On the other hand, according to experts, this technology will be equally effective in space and will also be able to send electricity to the earth 24 hours a day through large solar panels in the Earth's orbit.

Eid ul Fitr 02 May 202

Its very pleasure and enjoyable day

When Eid came, there was a problem of going home.

Like every time, he thought to go by public transport, but he decided to follow the advice of some friends, took his elder sister with him and dared to drive himself. ۔

 My friendship with this sister is more than all siblings and when friendship is more, you can think of enmity.

 On the way, while refreshing our childhood memories, we came to a point where we both fell silent for a few moments.

 I was driving and my brain started playing.

 Being from a lower middle class family, the first dream of my childhood could have been to have a big house and a big car.

 But it was never thought that the house and the car would be privately owned, and no clear concept of women's ownership could ever be formed in girls like us.

 The only thing that used to happen was that it would be Brother John's car and we would come and say, “Brother John! Where's the car key? Go shopping. "

 And the brother will say go with the driver. Since ATMs or credit cards were not the norm at the time, the idea of ​​handing out cash could only come to mind.

 In other words, the dream of economic development in our country is associated only with the man of the house. Why couldn't we, as girls, think for ourselves?

 Why never thought that I would have a car and my brother would say “Sheila! Where is the key? I have to go to work. "

 I will have a home and I will be able to earn enough to have an army of employees at home who are always at the service of my parents.

 Today, all that we used to think of associating with our brothers, we do not know how and why we got to own the property rights, but in our collective training, there was no concept of autonomy at all.

 Think about whether you are giving confidence to the daughters of your household that the ease of their lives is not only the responsibility of these male relatives.