Socrates adds:
What were my hopes and what disappointments did I have to endure? Going forward, I saw that my philosopher, leaving the mind and every principle of order, began to work with the unique concepts of air, water, ether and the like. An example of this is when a person claims that the cause of every action of Socrates is the mind, but when it comes to the detailed explanation of my actions, he says that I am sitting here because my body is made of bones and muscles. The bones and the joints between them are strong, the muscles are flexible. ”(Conversations, 168)
The purpose of all this elaboration was to state that the questions which Ghazali raised and the ideas which he presented as a result of them had been discussed with Ghazali a thousand years ago, and he had also drawn conclusions about them. Aristotle's causal factor, which was dynamic in nature, which was the cause of all change and movement, seems to be the same causal factor in Anexus Ghorath's philosophy, while Socrates raises questions about Anexus Ghorath a thousand years before Ghazali. Yes, they have the same nature as Ghazali. As Socrates sarcastically says that the body is made up of "muscles", but where did the muscles come from? "The joints between the bones are tight."
In this way, attempts have been made to make room for theological factors in one way or another. And as far as the separation between cause and effect in nature is concerned, on the basis of which Ghazali has tried to make a place for miracles, this concept of separation was present in the philosophy of coincidence and necessity which Ghazali achieved in pursuit of his goals. Uses for Ghazali seems to have known only Aristotle and Plato among the Greek philosophers. This is also the reason why almost all the philosophers before Anexus Goress had a scientific tendency and interpreted the universe on the basis of these factors.
Since the idea of moving the universe existed in Aristotle's philosophy itself, and from here the possibility could arise for Islamic theologians to harmonize Islamic theology with the concept of nature in Greek philosophy. However, skepticism about the creation of the universe and the concept of cause and effect did not mean much to the Greek materialists.
The Greek materialists rejected the notion of cause and effect in the creation of the universe, that is, they did not recognize any such necessity in the creation of the universe, and Ghazali raised questions about this necessity in the universe A brief analysis of which has been given above. The "coincidence" on which Ghazali based his miraculous theological thought had already been discussed in Aristotle's "Physics". Ghazali did this by paving the way for theology on the basis of "coincidence" in nature.
to be continued......
Note: This description has to be provided only to dispel the impression that Hume borrowed the philosophy of skepticism from Ghazali. Hume's philosophy is based on "coincidence", which was present in Greek philosophy.
