A general impression is that the questions that Ghazali has raised about the concept of necessity between cause and effect in relation to nature did not exist before Ghazali. This idea is the result of a complete ignorance of Greek philosophy. On this basis it is also claimed that the 17th century skeptic David Hume borrowed his philosophy from Ghazali. Eventually they come to the conclusion that Ghazali's own ideas are borrowed from Greek philosophy, which will be analyzed in the following lines.
The tradition of materialism in Greek philosophy, which extends to Democrats and Epicurus before and after Anexoghurus, interprets natural factors under their spontaneous movement, which is a scientific phenomenon. The universe before Aenexagorus was interpreted from the point of view of materialism, which Aristotle mentions in detail in the first few pages of his book Metaphysics, and Aristotle views this dominant aspect of materialism with dislike.
The reason for this is that only material addiction remains in it while other addictions (figurative, functional, singular) have no role. This is a definition in which there is no possibility of "coincidence", while Aristotle attaches great importance to "coincidence". It should be noted that it is 'coincidence' that leads Ghazali to 'miracles'. Coincidence undermines the notion of necessity.
Materialists see necessity in nature while interpreting the creation of the universe as 'coincidence'. Aristotle and all the philosophers who were influenced by Aristotle, especially in the Islamic world, some of them agreed with Aristotle's philosophy of 'coincidence' did it. "Coincidence" means that there is no necessity in the universe all the time, but there is full scope for coincidences. Aristotle discusses the concept of coincidence in chapter four of his book, Physics, and says that, first of all, the Greek philosophers "do not accept coincidence, and if they do, they ignore it." He cites the example of Empedocles, whose scientific results are recognized not only in his own age but also in our age, according to Bertrand Russell.
Not only this, with the help of Empedocles it is believed that the body parts of animals come into being by chance. Coincidence means that there is room for something else in the absolute dictatorship of necessity. That is, it is not necessary that the cause always leads to a specific cause, but that the relationship between cause and effect may deteriorate and things may come into existence by chance. Ghazali cleverly expresses this in the words: "The affirmation of one does not imply the affirmation of the other, nor does the negation of the one imply the negation of the other." And Kamal borrows.
As Ghazali seeks to accommodate some of the basic concepts of religion, he has failed to see "coincidence" as a manifestation of the internal forces of the universe, which is a feature of the universe itself and not of any. The work of an extraterrestrial being! Since "objectivity" is of primary importance in religion, Ghazali also had a search for the same purpose, or so to speak, the search for the factors that would pave the way for Ghazali to reach that goal.
