There are very few areas of the subcontinent that were conquered by British imperialism.
Most were captured through treaties and conspiracies.
But this did not happen in the case of Des Punjab.
Conspiracies that they were the hallmark of British imperialism.
Also in Punjab
But conspiracies alone did not work in Punjab and unlike other parts of the subcontinent, not only did the British have to fight for the occupation of the Punjab, but they also faced stiff resistance in Punjab and 10 times bigger than the Punjabi freedom fighters. Fights (01) Mudaki (02) Feroz Shahr (03) Baduwal (04) Aliwal (05) Sabhrawan (06) Multan (07) Rasool Nagar (08) Saadullahpur (09) Chilianwala (10) took place in Gujarat and several Among the smaller battles, the battles of Attock and Jalandhar are more famous. Thus, in order to usurp the Punjab, the British imperialism had to fight more or less 12 battles with the Punjabi leaders. Among them, the battle of Chilianwala has been described by non-Punjabi historian Syed Sibt Hassan as the most terrible battle of the subcontinent. In which a large number of British military officers were killed.
In these battles of the Punjabi freedom fighters fought against the British, if the two Dogra generals Tej Singh and Lal Singh had not secretly met with the British and had not retreated at the very moment when the British army was being defeated under treason and conspiracy. And if the victory of the Punjabi top sellers had not been turned into defeat, then the dream of British imperialism to occupy the land of Punjab would have remained a dream. Later, the same Dogra traitors along with other traitors helped the British to occupy the Punjab. When British imperialism faced such fierce resistance to occupy the Punjab, its thinking and policy became that it was necessary to suppress the sentiments of the Punjabis. Otherwise, there will always be a danger of rebellion and it will be very difficult to keep this land of the rebels enslaved.
The way to eliminate or reduce the feeling of nationalism in a nation is to; The people of this nation should be divided. Let there be quarrels and divisions among them. They should be deprived or deprived of their language, literature and cultural heritage and feelings of inferiority and contempt should be created in their minds about their culture, civilization, language and literature. So the implementation of this scheme began. First of all, the centuries-old Punjabi medium of instruction was abolished. However, in the rest of the subcontinent, the same English rulers not only introduced the local languages as a means of education but also made every effort to develop and promote these languages. While in Punjab, the opposite was done.
Punjabi has been the medium of education in Punjab for centuries and thanks to which this region was the most educated in the subcontinent according to the British government's own reports. Punjabi was abolished here. As a result, India's most educated nation went to a very low level in the field of education. Although it rose again after a while, it was no longer the standard of education that existed before the advent of British imperialism, which GWLeitner wrote in his book History of Indigenous Education in the Punjab. Declared above the standard. Higher than the British standard as Leitner writes that the language (Punjabi) which is being declared uncivilized at the official level (by the British government) (and the education given in it is of such a high standard) There is a lot to learn from the British Department of Education, even in its elementary education.
In the next phase, books were written against the Punjabi language by English authors and an attempt was made to divide the Punjabi speakers into pieces, which was very successful. This conspiracy was planted by George A. Grierson in his book (Linguistic Survey of India) and left the impression that the rest of Punjab has Punjabi language but the language spoken in South Punjab is Lehnda (West Punjabi). In 1962, dictator Ayub Khan renamed the same Lehnda (West Punjabi) Seraiki through his agents. Although Seraiki is not a dialect of any part of the southern part of Punjab but it is the name of one of the 6 dialects of Sindhi (Lari, Lasi, Vachuli, Seraiki, Threli and Kachhki). Later dictators Zia-ul-Haq and Musharraf fostered it and completed this conspiracy to divide the Punjabis.
Punjabi was also propagated at the official level that it is a barbaric language. uncivilized ? In the language in which Baba Punjabi Baba Farid, Baba Guru Nanak, Shah Hussain, Sultan Bahoo, Balhe Shah, Khudai Sokhan Waris Shah, Mian Muhammad Bakhsh, Saiyan Pashuri, Ustad Barda Pashuri, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Khawaja Ghulam Farid and other Sufis wrote speeches. Could she be rude? However, the British imperialism constantly propagated this about the Punjabi language. The turban, a symbol of Punjabi culture, was tried to humiliate the gatekeepers and waiters. The purpose of these measures was to alienate the Punjabis from their language, literature, culture (Waseeb) and civilization and to make them hate them. So that the threat of revolt against the British could be dealt with by crushing their nationalist sentiments.
In the years following the occupation of the Punjab, British imperialism did not keep the Punjab government under any rules, laws and regulations just to deal with the threat of insurgency. The aim was to suppress one uprising after another and to maintain the British rule in this land of the Nabarbars (rebels) at all costs. These laws, if they could be called laws, were so strict and cruel that when Delhi was administratively incorporated into the Punjab province and the same cruel laws were enforced there, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan left Delhi and moved to Aligarh. Where these rules did not apply.
In those days, the British had 12 division armies all over the subcontinent. Out of which 8 divisions were fixed in all other areas of the subcontinent while 4 divisions were fixed in only one province of Punjab. These and other measures were aimed at curbing the uprisings carried out by the Punjabi guerrillas which erupted from time to time. Similarly, British imperialism did not set up any arms factory in Punjab. Nor was there any special stockpile of military equipment. Although the majority of the army was Punjabi, no arms factory was set up here and no stockpiles were kept. Because British imperialism could not take the risk that the Punjabi army or the non-military guerrillas would have a stockpile of arms and an arms factory in their area from where a civil or military uprising would break out. Continue to supply arms to the rebels. Because the threat of an armed uprising by the Punjabi mercenaries remained till the last moment of the British occupation of the Punjab.
In order to deal with the threat of insurgency, the number of police in Punjab has always been higher than the rest of the provinces. For this reason, the police here have been given practically more powers than the police of other provinces. The mindset of the police is that they have to use every tactic of force to stop the insurgency in any case. Although the British government did not fully succeed in its goal. Because in spite of all these measures, the Punjabi guerrillas continued to carry out insurgent operations against the British government and more than any other region of the subcontinent. Yes, there will be more insurgency than in any other area. Thus the War of Independence, which ended in Delhi in September 1857, continued in the Punjab till April 1858.
The Ghadr Party was formed by Punjabi top sellers. Of the three people who formed the AIADMK, one was Subhash Chandra Bose Bengali, two were General Shah Nawaz and two were General Mohan Singh Punjabi. While more than 80% of the Punjabi fighters. Yes, more than 80% of Punjabis were freedom fighters. Kirti Kisan Party, Naujwan Sabha, Majlis-e-Ahrar, Khaksar Tehreek and many other anti-imperialist organizations were formed in Punjab. Meanwhile, if some patriots were forcibly recruiting in the army, then the Punjabi freedom fighters were also running a recruitment movement against it. Maulana Obaidullah Sindhi of Daska, Sialkot district, was the soul of the silk handkerchief movement. He was called Sindhi by the people of his hometown Daska. Because Maulana Obaidullah had lived in Sindh for some time. Otherwise they were purely Punjabi Jats. Interestingly, in Sindh he was remembered by the name of Obaidullah Punjabi which was correct.
Be it the Khilafah Movement, the Silk Handkerchief Movement, the movement against the Roulette Act or any other anti-British movement, the Punjabi freedom fighters should be in the forefront. Ahmed Khan Kharal, Sarang, Murad Fatyana, Nizam Lohar, Bhagat Singh, Odham Singh, Maulana Zafar Ali Khan, Obaidullah Sindhi, General Shah Nawaz, General Mohan Singh, Colonel Ehsan Qadir and others like him. Happiness endured the hardships of imprisonment and smiled and put the gallows in the gallows. Due to these constant rebellious actions of the Punjabi top sellers, the Punjab police was always under pressure from the British rulers to maintain law and order in the subcontinent. It became more violent than the police in other provinces of the country and its mindset turned out to be violent. It was not the fault of the police. Because the police are like a weapon in the hands of the rulers. Whatever he says, he has to believe. It is not only the Punjabis who were born into freedom fighters who not only cut the jails and laughed but also hanged themselves, but even more so that the work here has surpassed all other parts of the subcontinent and Punjabi Hurriyat. The militants kept the British government at bay through their insurgent activities and anti-government movements. Due to which the Punjab police was always under pressure and became violent in order to stop the guerrilla activities of these insurgents.
In order to avenge these mercenary acts of the Punjabis, the British imperialism divided the Punjab at the time of independence. The same Punjab has been named by Khawaja Ghulam Farid as Malik Punjab and Khawaja Noor Mohammad as its Raja. Despite the difference in religion, the culture of the whole country of Punjab (Waseeb) is the same but Punjab was divided. As a result, the Punjabis had to go through the torment of the biggest migration in history. Punjabis were killed on this side of the border and Punjabis were killed on that side as well. These people were fleeing for their lives. In the 1950s and 1960s, they did not sit comfortably on ships. Nor did they come here and buy squares and properties in exchange for "mint orchards." More than 2 million Punjabis were killed in this massacre. Their houses were set on fire. At the time of partition, more than 99% of the riots took place in Punjab. The remaining less than one percent in other areas. It would not be wrong to say that in fact the bloody riots took place only in Punjab and less than one per cent in other places and only symbolically. This was the terrible revenge of the British imperialism on the Punjabis for their resistance and constant revolts.
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